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In Seoul, commuters use a smart card to pay for travel on any mode of public transport.

Seoul’s Owl Service has reduced the use of passenger cars by more than 2 million trips per year.

Seoul established a quasi-public bus system, restructured routes, created median lanes, built transfer centers, and integrated its fare system to improve service.

In Seoul, 90% of landfill-bound wastes were instead used to produce energy enough to heat 518,000 households.

The Seoul Metropolitan Government provides market analysis, such as consumption patterns and purchasing power, to help small entrepreneurs succeed.