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System dynamics modeling can help decision-makers design smarter, data-driven policies for circular development.

Long-term policy framework, regulatory alignment, and smart infrastructure may unlock the region’s digital trade potential.

Strategies include a regulatory planning framework, area-based development, green infrastructure, and community engagement.

Modernizing milk production can help reduce the grazing pressure on grasslands and support the livelihood of herders.

Implement supportive policies, encourage merchant adoption, and integrate digital payments into public services.

Assess preparedness for BEPS minimum standards and the global minimum tax proposal, prioritize tax certainty, and develop capacities to address international tax avoidance and treaty abuse.

Mainstream gender inclusion and climate resilience into infrastructure development to improve quality of life and meet sustainability goals.

Promoting the employment of seniors and improving pension schemes can reduce the economic impact of population aging.  

To reap its benefits, the tariff differential subsidy in Pakistan must be more targeted and reduced. 

This policy brief looks at three scenarios for reviving tourism: promoting domestic tourism, bilateral travel bubbles, and subregional travel bubbles.